Innate immunity and HPV: friends or foes

Most human papillomavirus infections are readily cleared by the host immune response.However, in some individuals, human papillomavirus can establish a persistent infection.The persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection is the major risk factor for cervical cancer development.These viruses have developed mechanisms to evade the host im

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Keratin 8 expression in head and neck epithelia

Abstract Background The intermediate filament forming protein keratin 8 (K8) is a tumour-associated antigen, which was shown to be over-expressed in a variety of malignancies.Here, we present a study of K8 expression in squamous epithelia of the head and neck area, including normal mucosa, hyperplastic and dysplastic leukoplakia, carcinomas of diff

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Pre-requisites of successful strategic electronic coordination: the moderation effect of the ownership mechanism of inter-organisational information systems

In this paper, we attempt to explain how the ownership mechanism of an interorganisational information system (IOS) may impact strategic information exchange (electronic coordination) induced by specific investments in the IOS.Recent research and practice show that heavy investments in IOSs demonstrate mixed results with respect to their impact on

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